Technique
Pizzicato
To play pizzicato a musician "plucks" the strings with his/her finger instead of using the bow. Bellow is an example of music played with pizzicato.
Vibrato
The concept of vibrato is simple: It is when the sound is vibrated. String players make this vibrating sound by moving the finger back and forth on the string. Attached are two examples, one without vibrato and one with vibrato.
Without Vibrato
With Vibrato
Staccato
Staccato is played with short sharp movements that make it stand out. These notes tend to sound very precise. Bellow is an example of notes played with staccato.
Tremolo
Tremolo is played by rapidly moving the bow up and down on the string. This is often played so fast that it seems almost as if the musician is only playing one continuous note. Here is an example of tremolo used in music:
